Dynamic Earth Study Guide
Unit 4 – Dynamic Earth Study Guide
A. Earth’s Layers
1. Lithosphere
a. Crust
b. Rigid Mantle
2. Mantle
3. Core
B. Continental Drift (Alfred Wegner) -
1. Wegner’s Evidence
a. The Continental Puzzle
b. Matching Fossils
c. Rock Types and Structures
d. Ancient Climates
C. Evidence of Plate Tectonics
1. Sea-floor Spreading
2. Paleomagnetism
D. Plate Boundaries
1. Divergent Plate Boundary
2. Convergent Plate Boundary
a. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence
b. Oceanic-Continental Convergence
c. Continental-Continental Convergence
3. Transform Plate Boundary
E. Convection
F. Hot Spots
G. Volcanism
1. Warning Signs of a volcanic eruption
H. Earthquakes
1. Focus
2. Epicenter
3. Elastic Rebound Theory
4. Foreshocks
5. Aftershocks
6. Folding
a. Law of Original horizontality:
b. Uplift:
c. Subsidence:
7. Faults
a. Normal
b. Reverse (Thrust)
c. Transform (Strike-Slip)
8. Seismology
9. Seismographs
10. Seismograms
a. P waves (Primary Waves / Compression Waves)
b. S waves (Secondary Waves / Transverse Waves)
c. Calculating Earthquake Distance
d. Surface Waves – not used to calculate distance!
e. Shadow Zone
11. Bullseye Compass Procedures
a. Determine the distance of the epicenter from your seismic station.
b. Place the bullseye compass on the map scale provided.
c. Move the slider of the bullseye compass until the arrow points to the epicenter distance indicated in the first procedure.
d. Tighten the bullseye compass slider.
e. Bring the bullseye compass to the location of the seismic station on the map and put the city in the center of the bullseye.
f. Place your finger on the bullseye firmly but not too much that you won’t be able to swivel the compass.
g. Put your pencil into the appropriate whole of the slider that pointed to the distance of the epicenter.
h. Move the pencil around to create a circular mark on the map provided.
12. Richter Scale
13. Earthquake Safety
14. Tsunamis
a.
A. Earth’s Layers
1. Lithosphere
a. Crust
b. Rigid Mantle
2. Mantle
3. Core
B. Continental Drift (Alfred Wegner) -
1. Wegner’s Evidence
a. The Continental Puzzle
b. Matching Fossils
c. Rock Types and Structures
d. Ancient Climates
C. Evidence of Plate Tectonics
1. Sea-floor Spreading
2. Paleomagnetism
D. Plate Boundaries
1. Divergent Plate Boundary
2. Convergent Plate Boundary
a. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence
b. Oceanic-Continental Convergence
c. Continental-Continental Convergence
3. Transform Plate Boundary
E. Convection
F. Hot Spots
G. Volcanism
1. Warning Signs of a volcanic eruption
H. Earthquakes
1. Focus
2. Epicenter
3. Elastic Rebound Theory
4. Foreshocks
5. Aftershocks
6. Folding
a. Law of Original horizontality:
b. Uplift:
c. Subsidence:
7. Faults
a. Normal
b. Reverse (Thrust)
c. Transform (Strike-Slip)
8. Seismology
9. Seismographs
10. Seismograms
a. P waves (Primary Waves / Compression Waves)
b. S waves (Secondary Waves / Transverse Waves)
c. Calculating Earthquake Distance
d. Surface Waves – not used to calculate distance!
e. Shadow Zone
11. Bullseye Compass Procedures
a. Determine the distance of the epicenter from your seismic station.
b. Place the bullseye compass on the map scale provided.
c. Move the slider of the bullseye compass until the arrow points to the epicenter distance indicated in the first procedure.
d. Tighten the bullseye compass slider.
e. Bring the bullseye compass to the location of the seismic station on the map and put the city in the center of the bullseye.
f. Place your finger on the bullseye firmly but not too much that you won’t be able to swivel the compass.
g. Put your pencil into the appropriate whole of the slider that pointed to the distance of the epicenter.
h. Move the pencil around to create a circular mark on the map provided.
12. Richter Scale
13. Earthquake Safety
14. Tsunamis
a.