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Hiv Introduction
HIV From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search "AIDS virus" redirects here. For the computer virus, see AIDS (computer virus). For the village, see Hiv (village). For the administrative subdivision, see Hiv Rural District.
HIV
Classification and external resources

Diagram of HIV
ICD-10 B20-B24
ICD-9 042-044
OMIM 609423
MedlinePlus 000602 eMedicine article/783434
MeSH D006678

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),[1][2] a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. The four major routes of transmission are unsafe sex, contaminated needles, breast milk, and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth (perinatal transmission). Screening of blood products for HIV has largely eliminated transmission through blood transfusions or infected blood products in the developed world.

HIV infection in humans is considered pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Nevertheless, complacency about HIV may play a key role in HIV risk.[3][4] From its discovery in 1981 to 2006, AIDS killed more than 25 million people.[5] HIV infects about 0.6% of the world's population.[5] In 2009, AIDS claimed an estimated 1.8 million lives, down from a global peak of 2.1 million in 2004.[6] Approximately 260,000 children died of AIDS in 2009.[6] A disproportionate number of AIDS deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa, retarding economic growth and exacerbating the burden of poverty.[7] An estimated 22.5 million people (68% of the global total) live with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, which is also home to 90% of the world's 16.6 million


References: Percutaneous needle stick 30 (0.30%)[36] Receptive anal intercourse (2009 and 2010 studies) 170 (1.7%)‡ [30–890][37] / 143 [48–285][32] Receptive anal intercourse (based on data of a 1992 study) 50 (0.5%)[38][39] Insertive anal intercourse for uncircumcised men (2010 study) 62 (0.62%)a [7–168][32] Insertive anal intercourse for circumcised men (2010 study) 11 (0.11%)a [2–24][32] Insertive anal intercourse (based on data of a 1992 study) 6.5 (0.065%)[38][39]
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