The Failure of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations in 1994 Rwandan Genocide
ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITEIT VAN SURINAME
Faculteit der Maatschappijwetenschappen
Public Administration
Term paper
Case-study: The United Nations in Crisis Situations
Subject: The Failure of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations in 1994 Rwandan Genocide
Written by: Michelle Simson
Course: International Relation II
Semester: B-II
Educator: R.A. Franklin
Place: Paramaribo
Date: 18 august 2009
Foreword
This term paper is part of the course International Relations II, given by Mrs. R.A. Franklin. I am writing this term paper in order to complete this course. I have chosen to write about this specific subject, because I believe that the United Nations Peacekeeping Troops has severely failed to what is was meant to do. The history and the story of the Republic of Rwanda have truly touched me. Therefore, I want to know what happened there and why the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations failed. I would, also, like to know what can be changed in order to prevent such a tragedy from happening once more. Mrs. Franklin you have truly been inspirational and I hope that you enjoy reading this paper.
Michelle Simson ________________________________
Table of Contents Foreword 2 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: A History of Rwanda 5 1.1 Pre-Colonial Rwanda 5 1.2 Colonial Rwanda 5 1.3 The Years Following Colonialism 6 Chapter 2: 1994: The Rwandan Genocide 7 Chapter 3: The Role of the United Peacekeeping troops during this period and the reaction of the world community 9 Conclusion: The Aftermath of Genocide 11 Economy 11 The United Nations 12 Bibliography 14 APPENDIX 15
Introduction
The Rwanda Genocide in 1994 is known as one of the worst genocides since the Holocaust. The very name is sketched into our histories consciousness as a place of evil and unimaginable pain. Between April and mid-July 1994, between 800,000 and 1,000,000 Tutsi civilians and moderate Hutus were brutally slaughtered in a genocidal
Faculteit der Maatschappijwetenschappen
Public Administration
Term paper
Case-study: The United Nations in Crisis Situations
Subject: The Failure of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations in 1994 Rwandan Genocide
Written by: Michelle Simson
Course: International Relation II
Semester: B-II
Educator: R.A. Franklin
Place: Paramaribo
Date: 18 august 2009
Foreword
This term paper is part of the course International Relations II, given by Mrs. R.A. Franklin. I am writing this term paper in order to complete this course. I have chosen to write about this specific subject, because I believe that the United Nations Peacekeeping Troops has severely failed to what is was meant to do. The history and the story of the Republic of Rwanda have truly touched me. Therefore, I want to know what happened there and why the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations failed. I would, also, like to know what can be changed in order to prevent such a tragedy from happening once more. Mrs. Franklin you have truly been inspirational and I hope that you enjoy reading this paper.
Michelle Simson ________________________________
Table of Contents Foreword 2 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: A History of Rwanda 5 1.1 Pre-Colonial Rwanda 5 1.2 Colonial Rwanda 5 1.3 The Years Following Colonialism 6 Chapter 2: 1994: The Rwandan Genocide 7 Chapter 3: The Role of the United Peacekeeping troops during this period and the reaction of the world community 9 Conclusion: The Aftermath of Genocide 11 Economy 11 The United Nations 12 Bibliography 14 APPENDIX 15
Introduction
The Rwanda Genocide in 1994 is known as one of the worst genocides since the Holocaust. The very name is sketched into our histories consciousness as a place of evil and unimaginable pain. Between April and mid-July 1994, between 800,000 and 1,000,000 Tutsi civilians and moderate Hutus were brutally slaughtered in a genocidal
Bibliography: Burkhalter, H. (1998, May 26). Rwanda: Genocide and US Policy. Ferroggiaro, W. (2001, August 20). The National Security Archive. Retrieved August 20, 2009, from The US and the Genocide in Rwanda 1994: Evidence of Inaction: http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/index.html George, T. (Director). (2005). Hotel Rwanda [Motion Picture]. Guéhenno, J.-M. (2008, January 18). Principles and Guidelines: Capstone Doctrine. Retrieved August 29, 2009, from United Nations Peacekeeping: http://pbpu.unlb.org/pbps/Library/Capstone_Doctrine_ENG.pdf History of Nations Jones, B. D. (2001). Peacekeeping in Rwanda: The Dynamics of Failure. Boulder, CO: Lynnen Riener. Kreps, S. (2007). The United Nations-African Union Mission in Darfur: Implications and Prospects for Success. African Security Review , 16 (4), 66-79. Munoz, D. (Director). (2008). Flowers of Rwanda [Motion Picture]. Peterson, S. (2000). Me against My Brother: At War in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda : a Journalist Reports from the Battlefields of Africa. New York: Routledge. Simons, L. M. (2006, Jan). Genocide and the Science of Proof. National Geographic , pp. 28-35. Singh, D. B. (2009, March 19). Changing Nature of Peace Operations: Need for a More Comprehensive Approach. The World Factbook. (2009, August 28). Retrieved September 1, 2009, from The Central Intellegence Agency: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rw.html# APPENDIX [ 5 ]. Hotel Rwanda. Dir. Terry George. Perf. Don Cheadle. Videocassette. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc., 2004 [ 6 ]