against fungal species. In a study by Karim‚ Asma and Kamal et al.‚ (2016) in vitro antimicrobial activity of Sudanese Cucumis melo L. fixed oil was investigated. Agar cup diffusion assay was performed against two fungal species (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger)‚ two gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Ampicillin‚ gentamycin and clotrimazole were used as positive controls. Antimicrobial
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MICROBES AND FOOD – A ‘RELATIONSHIP’ Microbes and food have always had a love-hate relationship. Food producers have learned to harness their power -- and sometimes for good use. There is no doubt that organically grown fruits and vegetables are superior in flavor. Now‚ despite arguments to the contrary made by food manufacturers‚ they may well be more nutritious for a variety of reasons. There are always studies available to prove any point‚ especially one
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Biology 181 Ana Marti-Subirana Identification of unknown a-Amylase through testing different temperatures and pH values to detect the absorbance of maltose. Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalysts‚ mainly proteins for this experiment‚ generated by an organism to speed up chemical reactions. They have active sites on which the substrate is attached‚ and then broken up or joined. For this experiment we are going to work with the enzyme a-amylase. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks
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1. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus‚ bound by a double membrane. Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. The purpose of the nucleus is to sequester the DNA-related functions of the big eukaryotic cell into a smaller chamber‚ for the purpose of increased efficiency. This function is unnecessary for the prokaryotic cell‚ because its much smaller size means that all materials within the cell are relatively close together. Of course‚ prokaryotic cells do have DNA and DNA functions. Biologists describe
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food poison techniques‚ the leaf and bark volatile oils has been found to be highly effective against all the tested fungi except Aspergillus ochraceus. However‚ leaf oleoresin has shown inhibition only for Penicillium citrinum whereas bark oleoresin has caused complete mycelial zone inhibition for Aspergillus flavus and A. ochraceus along with Aspergillus niger‚ Aspergillus terreus‚ P. citrinum and Penicillium viridicatum at 6 lL. Using agar well diffusion method‚ leaf volatile oil and oleoresin have
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standard antibiotics or antifungal. Anti-fungal property. This refers to the property of a substance to inhibit the growth of fungi causing skin diseases.4 Aspergillus niger. A species common in soil which can cause severe or persistent otomycosis; it has been implicated in allergic aspergillosis.5 Aspergillosis. A disease cause by Aspergillus species‚ marked by inflammatory granulomatous lesions in the skin‚ ear‚ orbit‚ nasal sinuses‚ lungs‚ and sometimes bones and meningitis.6 Candida albicans
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dilution method using Fusarium solani‚ Fusarium oxysporum‚ Aspergillus flavus‚ Alternaria alternate‚ Rhizoctnia solani‚ Pythium ultimum‚ Bipolaris oryzae‚ Rhizopus‚
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slashed the bite accidentally while shaving. It became infected and blood poisoning resulted. Recent laboratory studies have revealed that some ancient mummies do indeed carry mold‚ including at least two potentially dangerous species—Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. These molds can cause allergic reactions ranging from congestion to bleeding in the lungs. The toxins can be particularly harmful for people with weakened immune systems ("Lord Carnarvon’s death‚" 1923‚ p. 25). Some tomb walls
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Abstract: Stevia rebaudiana is an herb with a very high medicinal value. It has more than 100 phytochemicals. It is used as sugar substitute. The extracts from leaves are used for the microbial assay and study the antimicrobial activity. The microbes used for the testing the activities are E.coli‚ Staphylococcus aureus‚ Bacillus subtilis‚ Salmonella typhi‚ Aspergillusniger‚ Candida parapsilosis‚ Trichophyton rubrum. With different concentrations of the extracts starting from 2.5µg/ml‚ 5.0µg/ml‚ 7
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Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis Tumor: A mass of cells which growth is atypical when referenced to the normal surrounding tissue structure. Neoplasm: Literally means “new growth” and is a term commonly used the same way that the term tumor is used. An abnormal mass of tissue‚ the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after
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