Forestry and Bioenergy CDM Carbon Projects in Africa Lessons drawn from the CASCADe programme in Benin and Senegal Article under the direction of Françoise d’Estais and Robert Vergnes. Mme Françoise d’Estais is Program Manager at the United Nations Environment Programme in charge of carbon finance - francoise.destais@unep.org . Mr. Robert Vergnes is a member of the panel of experts to the Joint Implementation Supervisory Committee (JISC) of the UNFCCC‚ and Practice Leader of Energy & Climate Change
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residues‚ wood and wood wastes‚ livestock operation residues‚ aquatic plants‚ fast-growing trees and plants‚ and municipal and industrial wastes. Recently‚ oil crisis have brought great interest in the exploration of renewable energy‚ specially‚ bioenergy contained in biomass. The solar energy stored in biomass could be released as biogas‚ a mixture of methane (CH4)‚ carbon dioxide (CO2)‚ and some trace gases‚ through anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a process
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Ridge National Laboratory‚ Oak Ridge‚ TN 37831‚ USA. 1. ↵* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: arthur.ragauskas@chemistry.gatech.edu ABSTRACT Biomass represents an abundant carbon-neutral renewable resource for the production of bioenergy and biomaterials‚ and its enhanced use would address several societal needs. Advances in genetics‚ biotechnology‚ process chemistry‚ and engineering are leading to a new manufacturing concept for converting renewable biomass to valuable fuels and
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derived of biomass which can be found in soil‚ liquid and other types of gaseous‚ because biomass waste helps with generating energy by decreasing waste management problems along with pollution‚ greenhouse emissions and the use of fossil fuels‚ making bioenergy from waste which then helps decrease the speed of global warming. Therefore‚ it is important that everyone makes the right choices and decisions by knowing what is good for the environment and how their choices can help with the climate
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the energy problem--perhaps covering 10% of transport requirements--given the amount of land that would have to be used to grow them. But the NRDC report authors reckon the cost-effectiveness of biofuels as far higher‚ because they focus on what bioenergy technologies will deliver after they have been developed to commercial maturity and are operating on a large scale‚ rather than as they are today. [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] Essential to the success of biofuels is that they could turn out cheaper
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CHAPTER ONE Literature Review 1.0 Introduction Charcoal is defined as dark grey residue consisting of impure carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances [1] or a black grey form of carbon‚ produce by heating wood or other organic substances in enclosed space without air. Charcoal is basically composed of tiny particles or carbon[2] which is usually produce by slow pyrolysis‚ heating of wood‚ sugar‚ bone char‚ or other substances in the absence
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Chlorella pyrenoidosa is a widely available microalga with several commercial applications for food and nutritional purposes. It has also revealed great potential as future industrial bioenergy producer due to its robustness‚ high growth rate‚ and high carbohydrate and lipid contents‚ and can be cultured under autotrophic‚ heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. However‚ in presence of organic carbon sources‚ it produces higher biomass with better carbohydrate contents than its autotrophic
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International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science ISSN: 0976-1206 Research Article www.ijcas.info Physico-Chemical Characterization of Rubber Seed Oil (Hevea Brasiliensis) - A Promising Feedstock for Biodiesel Production VN Meena Devi*1‚ P Nagendra Prasad2‚ L Arul Mary Syndia2 ‚ M Rajakohila1 ‚ and VN Ariharan2 *1Department of Physics‚ Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education‚ Noorul Islam University‚ Kumaracoil‚ Thuckalay – 629 180‚ Tamilnadu‚ India 2Department of Biotechnology‚ Sri Paramakalyani
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There are many conflicting claims‚ and studies about the cellphone radiation exposure. Some studies suggest that there is no evidence that cellphone can cause cancer‚ others are saying that there are credible amount of evidence that the use of cell phone cause health complication including cancer. According to the article “Dangers of today technology” Recent research shows that cellular phones can cause health complication‚ including cancer. “Heavy long exposure to cell phone radiation increases
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DEFORESTATION AND SPECIES LOSS 1.0 WHAT IS DEFORESTATION? Deforestation is the process whereby natural forests are cleared through logging and/or burning‚ either to use the timber or to replace the area for alternative uses. 2.0 WHAT IS THE EXTENT OF DEFORESTATION? 12-15 million hectares of forest are lost each year‚ the equivalent of 36 football fields per minute. 3.0 WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION? Deforestation can happen quickly‚ such as when a fire sweeps through the
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