Consumer expenditure Mini Case John Hawksworth “Opinion: Economic Trends - Saved by the consumer?”‚ Accountancy‚ London‚ Mar 2002 (with minor editing) How long can the UK economy buck the global trend just because our consumers keep spending money? Have we avoided the recession that has gripped the US‚ Japan and Germany over the past six to 12 months or are we just postponing the day of reckoning? And are we storing up worse problems for the future as a result of rising household debt levels
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Assume a consumption function that takes on the following algebraic form: C = $100 + .8Y. Assume that Y = $1000 what is the level of consumption at this income level. C = $100 + .8($1000) = $100 + $800 = $900. 1. Using the above figure calculate the marginal propensity to consume between the aggregate income levels of $80 and $100. Also explain why this consumption function is linear. The marginal propensity to consume is equal to $15/$20 = .75. The consumption
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2. Why isn’t money consider a capital in economics? Capital is a physical asset‚ which can be used to produce goods and services. Money is related to capital‚ in that it can be used to purchase capital‚ but it is not itself capital. The distinction is important if you consider that money can be created or destroyed through the expansion or contraction of credit‚ but this does not create or destroy any real capital. Money is capital. Money is the most common form of capital. Raising capital money
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Introduction THE NATIONAL INCOME One of the basic questions facing economics centers on whether the total output of goods and services is growing from year to year or it remains static. This question is very important because countries are keenly interested in the performance of their economy. National income estimates enable countries to calculate the total production of goods and services in a year. The lecture also focuses on the measurement of national income and their problems‚ uses
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References: 1. Sexton‚ Robert; Fortura‚ Peter (2005). Exploring Economics. "This is the sum of the demand for all final goods and services in the economy. It can also be seen as the quantity of real GDP demanded at different price levels." 2. ^ O ’Sullivan‚ Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003). Upper Saddle River‚ New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 307. 3. Australian Bureau of Statistics‚ Concepts‚ Sources and Methods‚ Chap. 4‚ "Economic concepts and the national accounts"‚ "Production"‚ "The production
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MC equals MR‚ the profit is maximized. From the above table‚ when output level is 140 minutes‚ marginal revenue equals marginal cost ($10000=$10000)‚ so the profit-maximizing level of output is 140 minutes. (d) When the industry exists positive economic profit‚ it will attract new firms to enter into the industry. However‚ no more licenses will be offered by government‚ so no any new firm entering the industry. (e)(i) Collusion is a formal or tacit agreement to limit competition by setting output
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exchange rate is said to overshoot when its immediate response to a disturbance is greater than its long-run response. Exchange rate overshooting is an important phenomenon because it helps explain why exchange rates move so sharply from day to day. The economic explanation of overshooting comes from the interest parity condition. Question 4 (a) Using the AA/DD framework‚ explain the separate effects of a temporary monetary expansion and a temporary fiscal expansion on the exchange rate‚ output and
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elasticity of demand Inelastic demand curve will be less than 1 Inelastic demand curve will be less than 1 Elastic demand curve will be greater than 1 Elastic demand curve or Kinked demand curve will be greater than 1 Is there a presence of economic profits? No Yes Yes Yes Introduction: Printing is one of the most highly competitive industries in America today there are literally thousands of printers in the United States‚ they range from a small mom and pop operation to multinational
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is at max point Managers take production right up to the point where TC=TR; if they can [2] Oligopolies can benefit most from going past the profit maximising output because it gives them a market share advantage over their competition. The economic climate can affect managers’ ability to deploy this tactic. If a recession is on the cards then shareholders will be anxious and keeping them and profits high will be a priority to which managers must abide to keep their position. The Downsides:
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- Financial flows Deregulation of financial markets (less rules and regulations in currency markets and foreign investment) led to a rapid increase in FDI and portfolio investment. Investment makes economies more integrated as economic changes in one country influence others (CONTAGION e.g. negative effects such as the GFC and the EDC or positive effects such as new technology and booming economies). The main benefits are that it enables countries to finance their domestic economy even if domestic
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