Investment Appraisal – Qualitative Factors Investment appraisal provides a scientific decision-making technique for managers and can‚ if used appropriately‚ improve the quality of decisions. However‚ as financial data do not always show the full picture‚ firms should not base their decisions solely on investment appraisal results. Qualitative Factors • The aims of the organisation. A profit-making firm will focus on the results of a financial investment appraisal‚ with companies experiencing
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When cash inflows are even: NPV = R × 1 − (1 + i)-n − Initial Investment i In the above formula‚ R is the net cash inflow expected to be received each period; i is the required rate of return per period; n are the number of periods during which the project is expected to operate and generate cash inflows. When cash inflows are uneven: NPV = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... − Initial Investment (1 + i)1 (1 + i)2 (1 + i)3 Where‚ i is the target rate of return per period;
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Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) ARR provides a quick estimate of a project’s worth over its useful life. ARR is derived by finding profits before taxes and interest. ARR is an accounting method used for purposes of comparison. The major drawbacks of ARR are that it uses profit rather than cash flows‚ and it does not account for the time value of money. ARR is most often used internally when selecting projects. It can also be used to measure the performance of projects and subsidiaries within
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this online NPV Calculation Tool http://finance.thinkanddone.com/online-n… we get the following NPV at 15% Net Cash Flows CF0 = -3000000 CF1 = 1100000 CF2 = 1450000 CF3 = 1300000 CF4 = 950000 Discounted Net Cash Flows DCF1 = 1100000/(1+0.15)^1 = 1100000/1.15 = 956521.74 DCF2 = 1450000/(1+0.15)^2 = 1450000/1.3225 = 1096408.32 DCF3 = 1300000/(1+0.15)^3 = 1300000/1.52087 = 854771.1 DCF4 = 950000/(1+0.15)^4 = 950000/1.74901 = 543165.58 NPV Calculation NPV = 956521.74 +
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The crossover rate‚ where the NPVs are the same is 8.16%. Project A Project B Required Return 8.25% Required Return 8.25% Cash Flows Period Cash Flows Cash Flows Period Cash Flows Initial Outlay -8‚500 0 -8‚500 Initial Outlay -9‚500 0 -9‚500 1 3‚600 1 3‚900 2 2‚400 2 2‚900 3 2‚850 3 2‚900 4 5‚200 4 5‚550 Discounted Payback Period 3.23 Discounted Payback Period 3.28 NPV $2‚907.51 NPV $2‚905.64 Profitability Index
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FOUR TYPES OF IT PROJECTS I. Resources-based Projects In these projects‚ the teacher steps out of the traditional role of being an content expert and information provider‚ and instead lets the students find their own facts and information. Only when necessary for the active learning process does the teacher step in to supply data or information. The general flow of events in resource-based projects are: 1. The teacher determines the topic for the examination of the class. 2. The
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Why is investment appraisal process so important? Answer Capital investment involves the commitment of large amounts of company resources‚ which will necessitate careful evaluation to be undertaken before a decision is reached. The investment appraisal process helps managers make the right investment decisions as regards what projects to invest in to maximize shareholders wealth in the long and short run. Seeing how difficult and extremely expensive it would be to reverse an investment decision
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Integrated Manufacturing Systems Emerald Article: Investment appraisal techniques for advanced manufacturing technology (AMT): a literature review F.T.S. Chan‚ M.H. Chan‚ H. Lau‚ R.W.L. Ip Article information: To cite this document: F.T.S. Chan‚ M.H. Chan‚ H. Lau‚ R.W.L. Ip‚ (2001)‚"Investment appraisal techniques for advanced manufacturing technology (AMT): a literature review"‚ Integrated Manufacturing Systems‚ Vol. 12 Iss: 1 pp. 35 - 47 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10
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of 3 - 25‚000 (0.45 of 55‚000) Investment 65‚000 85‚000 1 + 0.57 = 1.57 (Machine A has payback period of 1.57 years) 2 + 0.45 = 2.45 (Machine B has payback period of 2.45 years) Accounting Rate of Return Calculation Machine A $ Machine B $ Net Return 155‚000 205‚000 Total Return-Investment 155‚000 – 65‚000 = 90‚000 205‚000 – 85‚000 = 120‚000 Average Return 90‚000 / 5 years = 18‚000 120‚000 / 5 years = 24‚000 ARR = (Average / Investment) (18‚000 / 65‚000) x 100 = 28% (24
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Four Types of Writing: There are four types of writing or four writing styles that are generally used. Knowing all these four different types of writing and their usages are important for any writer. A writer’s style is a reflection of his personality‚ his unique style‚ his voice and his way to approach his audience and readers. Generally there are four different types or styles of writing. Following are their names and details: 1. Expository Writing: Expository writing is a subject-oriented
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