cytosine with guanine. When a cell requires a particular protein‚ an activation signal stimulates the release of an enzyme called RNA polymerase‚ which causes the DNA to "unzip" between nucleotide pairs in the region of the appropriate gene. As the RNA polymerase molecule moves along one of the unzipped DNA strands‚ it assembles a similar nucleic acid molecule‚ known as messenger RNA (mRNA)‚ using free nucleotides found inside the nucleus. The mRNA molecule is a mirror image of the DNA strand that is being
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does RNA play a role similar to enzymes? RNA is like an enzyme when it is a catalyst and helps assist in the reduction of the activation energy which relates to tRNA when it attaches its amino acid to the rightful place. This helps construe a faster translation. 3. Are all genes expressed at all times? Explain your
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information. RNA polymerase chain elongation is stopped by mercury chloride. RNA polymerase contain a sulfahydral active center which is inhibited by mercury. This means that copies of RNA will not be created and this will limit the amount of certain proteins and enzymes available during critical times in development and growth. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erOP76_qLWA&feature=related The dogma of molecular biology entails the transcription of genetic information from DNA onto RNA and the translation
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following other areas remain of high interest for focused investment in new compounds and mechanisms: antibiotics‚ antifungals‚ antivirals (HCV and HIV)‚ asthma‚ COPD‚ neurodegeneration‚ ophthalmology‚ osteoporosis‚ schizophrenia‚ and stroke. In RNA Therapeutics they are interested in: siRNA sequence‚ structure‚ and modification Novel chemistries for improving resistance to enzymatic degradation Novel chemistries for reducing immunostimulation Enhanced RISC incorporations Long-term
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DNA TRANSCRIPTION OVERVIEW Changes DNA to mRNA Happens in nucleus mRNA is an RNA copy of the DNA for the protein The mRNA will carry the message to the ribosomes to be translated into a protein STEPS OF TRANSCRIPTION IN PROKARYOTES In order for transcription to take place the strand must be unzipped but only the area where the gene is on the chromosome RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for reading and unzipping the strand Two strands on DNA- one is read and one is not Sense
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corresponding RNA bases‚ Transcription is located in the Nucleus‚ and the only type of RNA that is involved in Transcription is mRNA‚ and the purpose is so that the code can get out of the Nucleus‚ mRNA is also made through Transcription‚ It also takes information that doesn’t directly make proteins but it helps makes codes for the production of proteins‚ DNA Transcription consist of 4 nucleotide bases‚ Adenine‚ Thymine‚ Cytosine‚ Guanine. Transcription also unwinds the strand of DNA and the RNA comes in
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5’-CAG AAG AAA AUU AAC AUG UAA-3’ mRNA sequence 3’-GTC TTC TTT TAA TTG TAC ATT-5’ DNA template strand We get the mRNA sequence due the transcription process‚ which gives us the RNA bases that are complementary to the DNA template strand that uses uracil opposite to adenine. The RNA polymerase which is an enzyme that moves from the 3’ to 5’end on DNA template strand to synthesis mRNA from 5’ to 3’. b. What is the amino acid sequence produced by translation of the mRNA sequence
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the fundamental molecule of life encoding the genetic code for the development and functioning of every living organism and a large variety of viruses. RNA‚ proteins‚ and DNA are the main macromolecules‚ which are necessary for every form of life. The genetic system is encoded in the form of a sequence of nucleotides (guanine‚ adenine‚ thymine‚ and cytosine)‚ which are denoted by the letters G‚ A‚ T‚ and C. Most DNA molecules consist of double-stranded helices‚ composed
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It covers nearly 80% of the genome and overlaps the other three ORFs. The product to the Pol gene is a multifunctional protein spanning approxmately 834 to 845 codons and comprises the DNA- and RNA- dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase‚ RT)‚ RNase H and the terminal protein domains (Bartenschlager and Schaller‚ 1988; Radziwill et al.‚ 1990) (Figure-1.6A). The terminal protein‚ or primase‚ is located at the N-terminus of the polymerase
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Genetics alone cannot explain all the biological processes as predicted and assumed earlier. Then epigenetics‚ a relatively young science comes to help genetics explain the biology. Epigenetics is any covalent modification of DNA‚ RNA and protein‚ resulting changes in their functions without modifying their sequences (Bird‚ 2002). Some time epigenetic modifications passed to future generations‚ but in other instances they change with environmental stimuli. Epigenetics can explain some of the exciting
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