KINDS OF TEST TO CLASSIFY HYROXY- AND CARBONYL-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS Jane Catherine SP. Villanueva‚ Edenn Claudine C. Villaraza‚ Lorenz Oliver C. Villegas and Cristel Bernice T. Wee Group 10 2G-Medical Technology Organic Chemistry Laboratory ABSTRACT Hydroxyl group refers to a functional group containing OH- when it is a substituent in an organic compound. It is also known as the characteristic functional group of alcohols and phenols. On the other hand‚ carbonyl group refers to a divalent chemical
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Grignard reagent The carbon bonded to the metal is an excellent nucleophile and base. This carbon with carbanion character can partake in typical nucleophilic reactions such as nucleophilic substitution or carbonyl addition. The experiment performed is an example of carbonyl addition using a Grignard reagent. On critical aspect of the a reaction involving a Grignard reagent is that it must be performed under dry conditions. The carbanion is a very strong base and can abstract protons
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secondary amine. This secondary amine bridges the ketone to the Beta-lactam ring that is a four membered ring with nitrogen bonded to a carbonyl group. That ring is attached to another ring that is considered a cyclopentyl-thioether that is a cyclic ether with a sulfur atom instead of an oxygen atom. The last functional group is the Carboxylic acid‚ which is a carbonyl group bonded to an alcohol group. The beta-lactam ring and the cyclic thioether are‚ collectively‚ also considered a bicyclic compound
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anhydride. This difference in electronegativities causes one of the carbonyl groups in acetic anhydride to break its carbon-oxygen double bond with the oxygen atom taking the pair of electrons from the pi bond and results in a negative charge on oxygen and a positive charge on carbon. The positive charge on carbon is then stabilized by the donation of a lone pair of electrons from oxygen‚ which is attached to both of the carbonyl groups in acetic anhydride‚ and results in the formation of an O=C bond
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Synthesis and Structure of Alcohols Alcohols can be considered organic analogues of water. H O H R O H Alcohols are usually classified as primary‚ secondary and tertiary. H R H OH H primary R R OH R R OH OH R secondary tertiary phenol Alcohols with the hydroxyl bound directly to an aromatic (benzene) ring are called phenols. Nomenclature of Alcohols (Normally any compound’s name which ends in –ol is an alcohol of some sort) IUPAC rules that:
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(stretch) 1676 Carbonyl C=O (stretch) 1670 Carbonyl C=O (stretch) 1599&1493 Benzene C=C (aromatic stretch) 1597&1493 Benzene C=C (aromatic stretch) 1293 Carboxylic acid C-O (stretch) 1267 Carboxylic acid C-O (stretch) 788 Alkene =C-H bending (stretch) 786-845 Alkene =C-H bending (stretch) Pure (E)-α-phenylcinnamic acid 3054 Aromatic =C-H (stretch) 5053 Aromatic =C-H (stretch) 2616-3054 Carboxylic acid O-H (stretch) 2516-2951 Carboxylic acid O-H (stretch) 1676 Carbonyl C=O (stretch) 1673
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www.ccsenet.org/ijc International Journal of Chemistry Vol. 2‚ No. 2; August 2010 One-pot Preparation of β–amino Carbonyl Compounds by Mannich Reaction Using MgO/ZrO2 as Effective and Reusable Catalyst Deepak.M. Nagrik (Corresponding author) Department of Chemistry‚ PLIT and MS Buldana-443001‚ M.S.‚ India E-mail: dmnagrik@rediffmail.com D.M.Ambhore P.G.Department of Chemistry‚ Jijamata Mahavidyalaya Buldana-443001‚ M.S.‚ India Manoj.B. Gawande (Corresponding author) Departamento de Química
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is slowed by the presence of acid. B) is catalyzed by base. C) requires one equivalent of base. D) is catalyzed by the sodium halide salt. E) requires one equivalent of acid. 9) 10) In the Michael reaction‚ addition to the α‚β-unsaturated carbonyl occurs in a: A) 1‚2-fashion. B) 1‚3-fashion. C) 1‚4-fashion. D) 1‚5-fashion. E) Diels-Alder reaction. 10)
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semicarbazide and a mixture of cyclohexanone and 2-furaldehyde was observed. Both 2-furaldehyde and cyclohexanone contain a carbonyl group. This allows semicarbazides to react with the carbonyl group to form a semicarbazone. That is‚ the double bonded oxygen on the carbonyl group and the two hydrogen of NH2 react to form a water molecule. Following the protonation of the carbonyl group‚ proton shift occurs and the water molecule leaves. This allows for the formation of a double bond between carbon
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| Reactions of Grignard Reagents with Carbonyls | | | Tuesday 1:30 | 2/28/2012 | | Introduction This experiment explores the reactivity pattern for the addition of Grignard reagents to three different carbonyl groups: a ketone‚ an ester‚ and a carbonate. Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds that have a carbon-metal bond‚ such as carbon-magnesium. Grignard reagents are formed from the reaction of an alkyl‚ cycloalkyl‚ or aryl halide and magnesium metal in dry ether
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