because of its location near the carbonyl on acetophenone. When the sodium hydroxide is added‚ it deprotonates the hydrogen and creates an enolate ion. This deprotonation creates a nucleophilic carbon that can attack an electrophilic carbon (like a parent carbon of a carbonyl). This enolate ion is a resonance structure and the oxygen atom and the corresponding pi bond it can form can stabilize the negative charge. When the nucleophilic pi bond attacks the carbonyl carbon (the electrophile) it undergoes
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EXPERIMENT 1: REACTIONS OF ENOLATE IONS WITH CARBONYL GROUPS Aims In this experiment we used two techniques for the reactions of enolate ions with carbonyl groups. One technique used was Doebner reaction and the other technique used was Claisen-Schmidt reaction. Therefore the aim of this experiment is to synthesize trans p-methoxycinnamic acid and to synthesize dibenzalacetone via an aldol condensation reaction between acetone and benzaldehyde. The products would be recrystallized using ethanol
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Abstract Introduction The acylation of the α carbon position of a carbonyl group is one of the greatest breakthroughs that has benefited chemists in organic synthesis particularly when in need of building a carbon skeleton of interest in a molecule. For one to be able perform this acylation technique‚ there are two mar approaches which are employable. The first method involves the deprotonation of the α-Carbon atom which has a pKa known to be ̴20 through the use of a strong base for instance
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3: Melting Points Wavenumbers (cm-1) | Functional groups | 1593 | Aromatic | 3065 | Sp2 C-H bond | 1659 | C=O bond/carbonyl group | Table 4: IR wavenumbers and functional groups of Benzil Wavenumbers (cm-1) | Functional groups | 1600 | Aromatic | 3100-3000 | Sp2 C-H bond | 3100-2900 | Carboxylic Acid | 3300 | O-H alcohol | 1650 | C=O bond/carbonyl group | Table 5: IR wavenumbers and functional groups of Benzilic Acid Discussion: In this experiment‚ benzoin was oxidized
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Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Aim The aim of this experiment was to prepared Grignard reagent (phenylmagnesium bromide) from bromobenzene and magnesium‚ to use the reagent prepared to synthesise a tertiary alcohol (triphenylmethanol) by reacting reagent and ester (methyl benzoate)‚ and the product formed is analyse by infrared spectroscopy (IR)‚ melting point‚ thin layer chromatography (TLC)‚ gas chromatography mass spectrum (GCMS) and finally Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Introduction
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BACKROUND INFORMATION Organic chemistry is the study of hydrocarbons and their various deviations. (Ex. natural gas‚ paper‚ proteins‚ carbohydrates) Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon single bonds. (Ex. C-C) Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with one of more multiple carbon-carbon bonds. (Ex. C=C double bond‚ triple bond‚ or both) Stereoisomers have the same molecular and structural formulas but different orientations of atoms in space. Constitutional isomers
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two unpaired valence electrons‚ into an unactivated carbon-hydrogen bond. This reaction produces many commercially valuable compounds. The reaction itself involves the use of diazocarbonyl compounds which contain an N2 ligand on a carbon alpha to a carbonyl. The reaction is thermodynamically favourable as it involves the release of nitrogen gas. The carbon hydrogen bond is extremely strong and is difficult to break down; hence a catalyst‚ a substance which lowers the energy required for a reaction to
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displayed a carbonyl peak at 3415 cm-1 ‚‚which represents and OH functional group. The second step of the reaction was to oxidize benzoin to form benzil; this reaction yielded 27.04% benzil. The MP of the benzil was 91O-93O C and the IR spectra revealed no OH functional groups. The last step of the synthesis was a double aldol condensation reaction to form tetraphenylcyclopentadienone; this reaction had a yield of 76.56% and a melting point of 222O-225O C. The IR spectra revealed a ketone carbonyl peak
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* Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) acts as a catalyst in the test. B. What are the principles involved in the test? What is its purpose? * Aldol-ketol Condensation * Is an organic reaction in which an enolate ion reacts with a carbonyl compound to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hyroxyketone‚ followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone. (Acetaldehyde and ketone) MECHANISM OF THE ALDOL CONDENSATION | Step 1:
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Experiment2: Preparation of Dibenzalacetone Aim: Using the cabon-cabon bond making ability in carbonyl chemistry‚ Dibenzalacetone is synthesized from 2 equivalent of benzaldehyde and 1 equivalent of acetone in a base catalyzed reaction. Physical Data1: *detailed risk and safety phrases are attached. substance Hazards‚ risks and safety practices MW (g/mol) Amt. Used Mol. mp (K) bp (K) density(g/cm^3) acetone R11‚ R36‚ R67‚ S9‚ S25‚ S26 58.08 0.24 g 0.004 178.2 329.4 0.79 benzaldehyde R22
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